Operation Sindoor: A Comprehensive Overview

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Introduction

Operation Sindoor, initiated by the Indian Armed Forces on May 6, 2025, was a strategic military response targeting terrorist infrastructures in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK). This operation was a direct retaliation to the Pahalgam terror attack on April 22, 2025, which resulted in the deaths of 26 Indian Hindu tourists. The operation underscores India’s commitment to counter-terrorism and regional stability.(The Times of India, New York Post)

Background: The Pahalgam Terror Attack

On April 22, 2025, a devastating terrorist attack occurred in Pahalgam, Jammu and Kashmir, claiming 26 lives. The Indian government attributed this attack to Pakistan-based terrorist organizations, notably Jaish-e-Mohammed and Lashkar-e-Taiba. This incident intensified the already strained relations between India and Pakistan, prompting a decisive military response.(New York Post)

Execution of Operation Sindoor

Targets and Strategy

Operation Sindoor was a meticulously planned tri-service operation involving the Indian Army, Air Force, and Navy. The operation targeted nine locations:(The Times of India)

  • Four sites in Pakistan, including Bahawalpur, Muridke, and Sialkot.
  • Five sites in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir.

These locations were identified as hubs for terrorist recruitment and training. The Indian Ministry of Defence emphasized that the strikes were “focused, measured, and non-escalatory,” deliberately avoiding Pakistani military installations to prevent further escalation.

Military Assets Deployed

The operation showcased India’s advanced military capabilities:

  • Air Force: Deployed Mirage 2000 and Su-30MKI fighter jets equipped with precision-guided munitions.
  • Navy: Provided strategic support and surveillance.
  • Army: Ensured ground-level intelligence and coordination.

Immediate Aftermath and Casualties

India reported the successful neutralization of multiple terrorist infrastructures, asserting that the operation minimized civilian casualties. Conversely, Pakistan claimed that the strikes resulted in civilian deaths, including women and children, and labeled the operation as an “act of war.” Pakistan also reported the downing of multiple Indian jets and initiated retaliatory measures.(The Guardian, The Sun)

International Reactions

The global community expressed deep concern over the escalating tensions:(The Guardian)

  • United Nations: Secretary-General António Guterres urged both nations to exercise restraint and engage in dialogue.
  • United States: Called for de-escalation and emphasized the importance of
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